What is the purpose of a septic tank?

The primary purpose of a septic tank is to separate solids from liquids and initiate the breakdown of waste. In a conventional septic system, wastewater from the home flows into the septic tank, where the heavier solids settle to the bottom, forming sludge. Simultaneously, lighter materials, such as fats and oils, float to the top, forming a scum layer. The design of the tank allows for this separation to occur efficiently.

Moreover, the septic tank plays a crucial role in the anaerobic digestion process, where bacteria break down the organic matter in the sludge over time. This process reduces the volume of solids, making it easier for the liquid effluent to flow into the distribution field, where it can be further treated and safely absorbed into the soil. The function of a septic tank in breaking down waste and separating components is essential for maintaining the hygiene and functionality of a household sanitation system.